2026届高三英语教学｜高考英语阅读理解B篇解题技巧指导（上）

命题特点
（一）文本分析（词数统计来源于姜秀云老师）

（二）选项设计特点干扰项设计特点1.偷换概念：细微改动原文关键信息。2.信息错位：利用文中真实信息但答非所问。3.过度推断：脱离文本的主观臆断。4.绝对化表述：使用极端词汇（如always, never）制造陷阱。
1.偷换概念–原文段落：In the 1970s, a cloud – seeding program was carried out in the southwestern United States to increase rainfall. Some environmental groups challenged the program, arguing that it might have negative impacts on the local ecosystem. After a thorough investigation, the result of the challenge to the cloud – seeding program was that it was declared legal.–题目：What was the result of the challenge to the cloud – seeding program?–选项：A. It was stopped immediately. B. It was declared illegal.（干扰项）C. It was declared legal.（正确）–关键句标注：“the result of the challenge…was that it was declared legal.”（质疑结果为项目合法）。–干扰点：干扰项B将原文legal改为illegal，一字之差完全颠倒语义，属于典型的偷换概念。
2.信息错位–原文段落：The 1934 Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, commonly known as the Duck Stamp Act, was a direct response to the severe decline of waterfowl populations caused by habitat loss and market hunting in the early 20th century. The stamps, which cost $1 each, were required for hunters over the age of 16 to buy a hunting license. The revenue from stamp sales was used to purchase wetlands and other habitats for waterfowl, which played a key role in the recovery of migratory bird populations.–题目：What was the direct result of the Duck Stamp Act?–选项：A. Wetlands were purchased.（正确）B. Migratory birds flew away.（干扰项）C. Hunting licenses were free.–关键句标注：原文“was a direct response to the severe decline…”（法案是对候鸟数量下降的回应/原因）；“The revenue…was used to purchase wetlands…”（销售收益用于购买湿地，为结果）。–干扰点：干扰项B的“Migratory birds flew away”是法案出台的背景原因，信息真实但答非所问，题干问的是“result”，而非“cause”。
3.过度推断–原文段落：BMF, a consulting firm focusing on environmental protection, has a strong commitment to sustainability. About half of BMF employees walk or ride bicycles to work, which is a way to practice sustainability. The company also encourages staff to reduce paper use and recycle office waste. Employees often participate in team – building activities related to environmental protection.–题目：What is a characteristic of BMF employees?–选项：A. They are enthusiastic about sports.（干扰项）B. They care about environmental protection.（正确）C. They all work from home.–关键句标注：“About half of BMF employees walk or ride bicycles to work, which is a way to practice sustainability.”（通勤方式是践行可持续发展）。–干扰点：原文仅提通勤方式与环保相关，无任何“热爱运动”的表述，选项A属于脱离文本的主观臆断。
4.绝对化表述–原文段落：Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, food waste goes against the moral grain. It’s jaw – dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from“ugly”(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.–题目：What can we learn about people’s understanding of food waste?–选项：A. People are trying to reduce food waste.（正确）
B. Food waste is mainly caused by restaurants. C.“Ugly”vegetables are not wasted.D. People will never realize the problem of food waste.（干扰项）–关键句标注：“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.”（人们在关注并努力减少食物浪费）；“food waste goes against the moral grain”（仅强调浪费违背道德，未否定人们的认知）。–干扰点：干扰项D中的never为绝对化词汇，原文无任何信息表明人们“永远不会意识到”该问题，绝对化表述与文本矛盾。

解题技巧
（一）细节理解题（定位为王）解题关键：警惕“原文单词拼凑”“信息篡改”，必须逐词对比选项与原文，不可凭印象答题；例题：2022新课标I卷·阅读理解B篇（环保公益类·基础巩固）文章摘录（节选）：Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
题目：26.What does DC Central Kitchen do?（B）A. It teaches people how to grow food. B. It collects and processes food waste.C. It distributes food to restaurants. D. It sells blemished produce to grocers.解题步骤：①圈关键词“DC Central Kitchen”；②定位原文：“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen… which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals… collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields”；③对比选项：B项“collects and processes food waste”与“recovers food”“collecting blemished produce”一致，其余选项与原文信息不符。

（二）推理判断题（有据可依）解题关键：禁止“过度引申”，答案必须能在原文找到支撑细节（如人物言行、逻辑词后的内容）
例题1：2025年新高考I卷B篇文章摘录（节选）：But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.题目：25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay?（D）A. They were not given enough time.
B. They had a very limited vocabulary.C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic.解题步骤：①圈关键词“first essay”“perform poorly”；②定位原文：“They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing… didn’t strike them as important.”；③推理：“writing… didn’t strike them as important.”表明学生对“写作的重要性”这一话题不感兴趣，而非时间、词汇或理解问题；④排除干扰项：A、B、C原文无依据，属于无中生有。
（三）主旨大意题（抓核心情感/道理）解题关键：避免“以偏概全”，聚焦文章首尾段、转折词（but/however）后的内容，抓作者核心情感或传递的道理。例题1：2024年新课标I卷B篇文章摘录（Para.3）：Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.题目：26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?（D）A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.解题思路：第三段以两个病例为核心:狗Charlie多存活五个月(“but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering …keep him alive for an additional five months”),-Nappy行动更自如(“moves more easily…after a chiropractic adjustment (按摩治疗后行动更轻便)”),可知holistic medicine的有效性。故选D项(例证归纳法）
（四）词意推断（重点看单词所在句+前&后一句）解题关键：优先结合前后1-2句语境，指代题多指向前文出现的核心名词，而非就近无关词汇。解答这类题时，需要考生在理解全文的基础上，理解画线词语所在句的意思。要善于根据画线词语所在句内部各分句之间，或该句与上下句或上下段之间的逻辑关系，并结合常识，进行推断。特别是转折关系(but,however,though, fortunately,sadly等)，因果关系(so,because等)或条件与结果的关系。
例题1：2022年新课标全国I卷文章摘录（Para.7）：Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”题目：30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?A.Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.解题思路：由本段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”可知，居民们非常欢迎这个项目的意图和创意的举措。“我”们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。再结合画线短语前的“one of the first”可知，Wendy Wilson是这个项目的创始人之一，因此embark on应为“开始(Begin)”之意， 故选C项。
例题2：2021年新课标全国I卷文章摘录（Para.1）：When the explorer first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.题目：29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A.Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.解题思路：画线词前一句提到，美洲原住民对这些珍贵的自然资源进行了精心的保护。结Unfortunately一词可知，此处应描述另一番场景，探险家们仅仅花了几十年就摧毁了大量资源，故C项“Destroy(破坏，摧毁)”符合题意；其他选项“获得(Acquire)”“出口(Export)”“分配(Distribute)”均不符合题意。