一命题特点1.词数（此处数据来自于姜秀云老师整理）2021年I卷:279+702022年I卷:234+702023年I卷:200+672024年I卷:205+682021年I卷:315+52自命题语篇长度极限值:318+902.形式:以非四组为主3.选材:不能选并列式语篇，文本不能超过280词的上限4.题目特点高考阅读理解A篇设置三个考题，一般考查题型设置的都是细节理解题，针对原文的具体信息进行提问，主要考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、文章的主要事实的理解能力。细节理解题比较简单，在高考阅读理解题中属于基础性的题目，比较容易得分。
分析近五年的高考真题可知，细节理解题的热点考向为直接信息题、间接信息题、综合信息题和数字计算题。
二解题技巧（一）、直接信息题——定位比对找答案解题步骤：一定：依据题干信息，选定关键词；二找：运用略读及寻读的技巧快速回到原文进行信息定位，寻找答题信息句；三对比：将答题信息句与选项内容进行分析比对，得出正确选项。核心：题干关键词与原文信息句高度对应，答案往往是原文信息的直接重现或简单转述。
例题1：2020年全国卷III A篇（轮船时间表）文章摘录（节选）：Departures from Port of Seattle·Alaska Cruise (7 nights): Departs: May–Sept, Fridays at 5 p.m.·Pacific Coast Discovery (3 nights): Departs: April, October, Saturdays at 9 a.m.题目：When does the Alaska Cruise depart?A. On Fridays at 5 p.m. from May to September.B. On Saturdays at 9 a.m. from April to October.C. On Fridays at 9 a.m. throughout the year.D. On Saturdays at 5 p.m. in summer.解题步骤：· 一定（关键词）：题干关键词为“Alaska Cruise”和“depart”。· 二找（定位信息句）：快速扫描，定位到“Alaska Cruise”后的信息：“Departs: May–Sept, Fridays at 5 p.m.”。· 三对比（比对选项）：选项A与原文信息句完全一致。· 答案：A
例题2：2021年全国乙卷A篇（学校活动安排）文章摘录（节选）：Weekend Activities for Students (Oct 16-17)·Robotics Workshop (Age 12+): Sat, 2 p.m.–4 p.m., Science Lab 3.·Hiking Club Trip (All ages): Sun, 9 a.m.–1 p.m., Meet at school gate.题目：Which activity is suitable for a 13-year-old student on Saturday afternoon?A. Hiking Club Trip.B. Robotics Workshop.C. Neither.D. Both.解题步骤：· 一定（关键词）：题干关键信息为“13-year-old”、“Saturday afternoon”。· 二找（定位信息句）：分别查找两个活动信息。Robotics Workshop:年龄12+，时间Sat, 2 p.m.–4 p.m.。Hiking Club Trip:时间Sun。· 三对比（比对选项）：13岁符合Robotics的年龄要求（12+），且时间（周六下午）完全匹配。Hiking在周日，时间不符。· 答案：B
（二）间接信息题——定位比对找答案解题步骤：一定：依据题干信息，选定关键词；二找：通过语义的转换，在原文中寻找关键词的同义词、近义词或反义词；三对比：将答题信息句与选项内容进行分析比对，得出正确选项。核心：题干或正确选项中的表述是原文信息的同义词、近义词或释义转换。
例题1：2022年新高考I卷A篇（交通指南）文章摘录（节选）：To make crosswalks safer, we encourage drivers to stop completely when pedestrians are waiting. Pedestrians, in turn, are advised to make eye contact or give a nod to acknowledge the driver’s kindness.题目：What are pedestrians suggested to do when drivers stop for them?A. To cross the street as quickly as possible.B. To wave a thank-you to the drivers.C. To ignore the drivers and just walk.D. To wait for other cars to stop too.解题步骤：· 一定（关键词）：题干关键词为“pedestrians suggested to do”和“drivers stop”。· 二找（同义转换）：原文对应信息句为“give a nod to acknowledge the driver’s kindness”。核心动词是“acknowledge”（表示感谢/认可）。· 三对比（比对选项）：选项B“wave a thank-you”是原文“acknowledge”具体化、动作化的同义转换。A、C、D均与原文建议相反或无关。· 答案：B
例题2：2023年全国甲卷A篇（俱乐部会员信息）文章摘录（节选）：Joining the City Cycling Club costs $25 per year. For this fee, members get access to free weekly guided rides, a 10% discount at BikeWorld store, and our monthly magazine.题目：What is included in the membership fee of the City Cycling Club?A. A free new bicycle.B. The right to join weekly guided rides without extra charge.C. Unlimited use of city bike-sharing stations.D. Free repairs for your personal bike.解题步骤：· 一定（关键词）：题干关键词为“included in the membership fee”。· 二找（同义转换）：原文信息句为“members get access to free weekly guided rides”。“get access to”意为“有权使用/参加”。· 三对比（比对选项）：选项B“The right to join…without extra charge”是“get access to free”的完美同义转换。其他选项均为原文未提及的信息。· 答案：B
（三）综合信息题——概括归纳定答案解题步骤：一分析题干：根据问题所涉及的方面，找到相对应的段落和句子；二综合概括：仔细比对散落在语篇中的不同关键信息句，综合分析，确定答案。核心：答案信息点分散在原文不同位置，需要对多处信息进行综合、比较或概括后才能得出。
例题1：2019年全国卷II A篇（青少年活动海报）文章摘录（节选）：·Film Club (Ages 15-18): Meets every other Thursday at 7 p.m. in Room 205.·Debate Team (Ages 14+): Meets every Wednesday at 6:30 p.m. in the Library.·Science Fair Prep (Ages 13-16): Meets every Monday at 5 p.m. in the Lab.题目：A 15-year-old student who is free only on Monday and Thursday evenings can join ______.A. Film ClubB. Debate TeamC. Science Fair PrepD. Both Film Club and Science Fair Prep解题步骤：· 一分析题干：问题有两个限制条件：1.年龄15岁；2.空闲时间仅为周一和周四晚上。· 二综合概括：·Film Club：年龄（15-18）✅，时间（周四晚）✅。·Debate Team：年龄（14+）✅，时间（周三晚）❌。·Science Fair Prep：年龄（13-16）✅，时间（周一晚）✅。· 确定答案：该学生可同时参加Film Club（周四）和Science Fair Prep（周一），需选择包含这两项的选项。· 答案：D
例题2：2022年新高考II卷A篇（志愿者招募）文章摘录（节选）：·Park Clean-up (Site A): Weekend mornings. No experience needed.·Museum Guide (Site B): Weekday afternoons. Requires good communication skills.·Book Sorting (Site C): Flexible time. Prefer volunteers with library experience.题目：Which volunteer position would best suit someone who has library experience and can only work on weekends?A. Park Clean-up.B. Museum Guide.C. Book Sorting.D. None of the above.解题步骤：· 一分析题干：志愿者需满足：1.有图书馆经验；2.只能在周末工作。· 二综合概括：·Park Clean-up：时间（周末）✅，经验（不需要）❌（未优先考虑图书馆经验）。·Museum Guide：时间（工作日）❌。·Book Sorting：经验（偏好图书馆经验）✅，时间（灵活）✅（包含周末）。· 确定答案：Book Sorting同时满足“偏好图书馆经验”和“时间灵活（可安排在周末）”两个条件。· 答案：C
（四）数字计算题：加减乘除巧推算解题步骤：一定：读题干，查找关键词，在原文中标记数字、时间、年代、金额等信息；二分析：分析题干所问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系；三推算：用加减乘除进行推算，得出正确选项。核心：原文提供基础数据，通过简单运算得出答案。
例题1：2021年全国甲卷A篇（门票信息）文章摘录（节选）：Admission Fees:·Adult: $10·Child (under 12): $5·Family Ticket (2 adults & 2 children): $25Special Offer: Save 10% if you book online!**题目：** How much will Mr. Smith pay if he books a Family Ticket online for himself, his wife, and their two children (aged 9 and 11)?A. $25B. $27C. $22.5D. $30解题步骤：· 一定（标记数据）：Family Ticket价格$25，网上预订打9折（节省10%）。· 二分析逻辑：他们符合家庭票条件（2成人+2儿童）。需要计算在线预订的折后价。· 三推算：$25×(1 – 10%) = $25×0.9 = $22.5。· 答案：C
例题2：2023年新高考I卷A篇（游泳池规则）文章摘录（节选）：Pool Opening Hours: 6:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m.Lane Swim Schedule:·Morning: 6:00 a.m.–9:00 a.m.·Evening: 7:00 p.m.–9:00 p.m.Note: The pool is closed for cleaning from 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. daily.题目：If you want to swim laps for one continuous hour, what is the LATEST time you can START your swim in the afternoon?A. 12:00 p.m.B. 12:30 p.m.C. 3:00 p.m.D. 3:30 p.m.解题步骤：· 一定（标记数据）：泳池开放至晚10点，但下午1-3点清洁关闭。泳道游泳（Lane Swim）仅在早晚特定时段。· 二分析逻辑：题干问“下午”最晚可开始连续游1小时的时间。需考虑两个限制：1.清洁闭馆时间；2.泳道游泳时段。· 三推算：· 下午的泳道游泳时段只在“晚上7点后”。但题干问的是“下午”开始。· 清洁时间是1-3点。要想连续游1小时，必须在清洁开始前1小时完成。即，最晚开始时间是中午12点（12:00开始，游到13:00，正好清洁开始）。·3点清洁结束后，不属于“泳道游泳时段”，普通游泳可以，但题干指定“swim laps”（泳道游泳），因此下午3点后不符合条件。· 答案：A
三．实战演练（2024年新课标II卷）Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like togo old school and read something printed.Well, there’s a kiosk(小亭)for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.“You enter the fare gates(检票口)and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,”says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,”Trost says.“And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”Ridership on transit(交通)systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?Trost thinks so.“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,”she says.And you’ll never be without something to read.（C）24. Why did BART start the kiosk program?A. To promote the local culture.B. To discourage phone use.C. To meet passengers’needs.D. To reduce its running costs.（B）25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.（A）26. What has Trost been doing recently?A. Organizing a story contest.B. Doing a survey of customers.C.Choosing a print publisher.D. Conducting interviews with artists.（D）27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
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